Global Ecofuel Solutions S.L.  San Miguel 68 A-8º - E-07002 Palma de Mallorca  Tel +34 971679025 Fax +34 971 679235                 info@gefs.es

Environmental friendly hydrocarbon converting systems

The CO2 concentration of the early earth’s atmosphere was 500 times higher than today. Over millions of years this CO2 was transformed into organic matter. Large ammounts of organic residues collected over impermeable soil layers. Where they came under airtight conditions and where mineral clay was present, the long molecule chains of the matter where broken down into simple compounds, crude oil and natural gas emerged. At average temperatures of 14º -19º C. Due to the low temperatures and the small ammount of minerals contained in soil, this process needed millions of years.

With optimized reaction temperatures, using highly concentrated catalyst mix and optimized for hand preparation of used materials, the natural conversion time of carbonaceous materials to Oil can be reduced to a few minutes. Based on these findings, the new method can thus be regarded as technical optimization of an original natural process.

KDV 150 - diesel fuel production from carbonaceous residues

environmental friendly - highly efficient - with process temperatures below 300ºC

input material organic or fossil origin

Diesel fuel can be produced very efficient out of the following materials:

• Non food energy crops and agricultural waste
• Carboniferous fraction of domestic and commercial garbage waste
• Rubber, car tyres
• Used oils, waxes, or lubricants
• Food waste
• Bio-solids from sewage works

Basic process descripton :

• The system consist of several circuits corresponding to each other
• The conversion process takes place at slightly reduced pressure and Temperatures between 270°C to 300°C
• As a carrier medium for material to be used oil
• Reaction acceleration by ion-exchanging Catalyst
• Thermal energy input and creation of preconditions for reaction is carried out mechanically

  The high efficiency is achieved through the following points:

• Production of good quality fuel made from organic and/or fossil waste materials wich as well can be mixed
• Depolymerization of long hydrocarbon chains takes place without pressure and at relatively low temperatures
• Relatively small ammount of energy for needed for heating (max. Temp 270 °C – 300 °C)
• Extraction of up to 90% of the hidrocarbons contained in the feedstock
• Fixed inclusion of questionable halogens and possibly contained toxins in salts
• Production of very high grade diesel fuel oil ( cetan 58-68)
• No emmissions from the process itself, only from the power supply diesel generator
• Energetically self- sufficient when using diesel generator
• Measured up to 3 times higher in the thermal efficiency compared to other processes such as incineration, pyrolysis, gasification etc.

Relating to environmental protection :

• Volume reduction of waste ( approx.95% of organic content ) wich avoids waste incineration and landfill can be reduced to a minimum
• CO2-neutral energy source with the use of organic biomass
• Economically extremely interesting alternative to conventional production of biodiesel from renewable resources
• Economically extremely interesting alternative to conventional production from fossil fuels
• Environmentally friendly and meaningful process due to the extraordinary high utilization of the carbon content of the waste
• Local processing of waste materials is possible through the use of smaller plant size
• Working temperatures are well below the temperatures where dioxins are formed ( whose formation is inevitable in incinerators)
• Reliable destruction of patoghenes and prions from food production, animal waste or hospital waste
• The byproducts from the process are harmless

Advantages

• Reduction in volume of waste by 95% and consequent diversion from landfill or incineration solutions. (see section “Binding of Acids”)
• Carbon neutral energy source when utilising organic biomass
• Economic and viable alternative to the production of fossil fuels
• No toxic residues, no toxic emissions
• Environmentally safe process, that deals with the 80% carboniferous fraction of domestic and commercial waste
• Decentralisation of waste processing with flexible capacities and reduced investment in large centralised plants
• Minimum 3 fold increase in efficiency when compared to the best alternative technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis or incineration
• Total destruction of pathogens and prions in food processing, animal and hospital waste

What is important is that this new method is not a thermal decomposition reaction with the extraction of oxygen in form of H2O , but with a catalytic reaction with diffusion of oxigen extraction in form of CO2 . This has important implications for the H:C ratio of the product. E.g. at the pyrilysis arise in addition to methane unsaturated hydrocarbons, steam, coke and dioxin, in this method however only saturated hydrocarbons and CO2.                

The process is not a thermal process therefore has beside the much lower energy consumption many other advantages compare to methods like pyrolysis, due to their much higher temperature level work

No Dioxin / Binding of acids

The term Dioxin is commonly used to refer to a family of toxic chemicals that all share a similar chemical structure and a common mechanism of toxic action. This family includes; polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) PCDDs and PCDFs are not commercial chemical products, but are trace level, unintentional byproducts of most forms of combustion and several industrial chemical processes including pyrolysis, gasification and incineration.  If we want to ensure that our descendants are not further poisoned, then we must desist now with the dioxin production. For 1 billion years the Earth has not produced any dioxin.
The most important task of waste disposal is avoiding the formation of dioxins, i.e. aromatic compounds containing acids, in particular halogens. Halogen aromatics are extremely toxic. Halogens in cooking salts, on the other hand, are non-toxic.
The new technologie ensures that the acid components (PVC, insecticide, bromide) bound in the input materials cannot react with the product (diesel oil) as they are bound as salts by the combination of catalysts (crystalline calcium-aluminium silicates) which regenerates with added lime.
The hydrocarbons are split catalytically only up to the temperature where Diesel fuel will evaporate. This is below the lowest temperature (360°C) where coking and resin formation occur, Thus no gas-forming, catalytic coke crystals develop during the process. 
The technology allows a completely environment-friendly treatment of residual material without producing carcinogenous toxic waste, but yielding a material that can be directly used as a fuel.

General Potential

Efficient and environmentally friendly way to convert biomass into fuel

Reducing of waste volumes and CO2 emmisions (20 tons of waste truns into 1 ton to landfill)

Achieve investment in environmental protection with an attractive return

The technologie has massive potential to reduce waste going to landfill, reduce carbon emissions with the use of biomass and reduce methane emissions by converting garbage. Even without incentives the normal profit margin from producing diesel alone even at current oil prices allows sustainable investment in these plants.

• Reduction of CO2 emissions
• Reduction of waste in landfill (methane emissions)
• Sustainable source of fuel from Biomass
• No toxic emissions
• Environmentally and economically viable

Alternative Technologies compared

Incineration; This is the most common and widely adopted process ranging from thermal plants providing community heating to thermal electric plants producing both heat and electricity. Also includes co-firing of coal power stations with energy crops (Miscanthus briquettes)

• Relative inefficiency, especially when producing electricity
• Large parasitic loads to dry or ignite
• Toxic emission and dioxin production
• Toxic waste in form of ash
• Viability dependant on Carbon trading  (ROC’s)

Pyrolysis; The heating of material at >800°C till molecular breakdown and gassing of feedstock occurs, this gas is then condensed out into a fuel

• Relative inefficiency
• Heating required with associated large parasitic loads
• High temperature resin and coking with dioxins produced
• Toxic ash

Gasification; Similar to Pyrolysis, material is heated till gassing occurs. This is then used directly to power internal combustion engine to produce electricity

• Relative inefficiency producing electricity
• Most plants limited to biomass as feedstock to avoid Dioxin production
• Very low moisture content in feedstock to optimize gas physics
• Heating and drying required with associated large parasitic loads
• High temperature resin and coking with dioxins produced
• Autoclave process to steam sterilize waste and produce flock prior to gasification

Bio-Digestion; Enzyme or yeast based conversion of biomass, energy crops or cellulose into fuel

• Mostly limited to food crops or oil bearing plants
• Cellulose based process is time consuming and inefficient
• Difficulty in preprocessing waste where plastics must be separated from biomass

Fischer-Tropsch-Verfahren - used for liquidation of Coal Gasification of coal to produce synthesegas, wich will later be converted by a catalytic reaction into water and liquid hydrocarbon.

• total efficiency of process significant low
• total CO2 balance of the process more than doble than normal production of fuel from fossil material

The most efficient steam turbine/generator can convert heat into electricity with approximately 12-16% efficiency. A diesel engine generator can convert the potential calorific value into electricity with 35 % and a diesel turbine generator with up to 37% efficiency.

Global Ecofuel Solutions S.L.   San Miguel 68 A-8º - E-07002 Palma de Mallorca 

Tel +34 971 67 90 25   Fax +34 971 67 92 35          info@gefs.es